However, over the continental United States, El Niño and La Niña events are each associated with areas that are colder-than-normal or warmer-than-normal, as well as areas that are drier-than-normal or wetter-than-normal. Globally, El Niño leads to a warming effect, while La Niña contributes to cooler conditions. These primarily take into account the influence of El Niño, La Niña, and climate change impacts.Įl Niño and La Niña events are part of the ENSO cycle, which affects weather and climate conditions worldwide. To enhance the usefulness of these averages, a new set of ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) Climate Normals has been developed for the contiguous United States by NOAA NCEI. Many scientific, engineering, and economic activities rely on conventional “climate normals”-30-year averages-as a benchmark of climate conditions across the United States. Scientists have developed new temperature and precipitation averages that take into consideration continuing fluctuations and trends in the U.S.
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